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    <h1 class="title">树莓派系统和相关软件安装</h1>
  

      
        <time datetime="2020-01-27T13:05:51.000Z">2020-01-27</time>
      
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        <h3 id="官方系统安装"><a href="#官方系统安装" class="headerlink" title="官方系统安装"></a><a href="https://post.smzdm.com/p/738951/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方系统安装</a></h3><ol>
<li>安装SDFormatter4，选好要用的TF卡盘符，然后点击格式化。</li>
<li>安装Win32DiskImager，点击文件夹图标，选择准备好的img文件，然后点击Write按钮。</li>
<li>进度条走完之后会弹出两个框，一个是询问是否格式化磁盘，选取消。<a id="more"></a>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="将树莓派用做无线路由器"><a href="#将树莓派用做无线路由器" class="headerlink" title="将树莓派用做无线路由器"></a><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/jins-note/p/9513594.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">将树莓派用做无线路由器</a></h3><ol>
<li><p>安装hostapd。并修改/etc/default/hostapd和/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 使用如下命令</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt remove --purge hostapd </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt update </span><br><span class="line">sudo apt upgrade</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt install hostapd</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 在/etc/default/hostapd中添加</span><br><span class="line">DAEMON_CONF=&quot;/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 在hostapd.conf中添加</span><br><span class="line"># 把无线网卡wlan0作为接入点</span><br><span class="line">interface=wlan0</span><br><span class="line"># 使用nl80211驱动</span><br><span class="line">#driver=nl80211</span><br><span class="line"># a 5G g 2.4G</span><br><span class="line">hw_mode=g</span><br><span class="line"># 无线网卡选用11信道，如果hw_mode为a可以选择165</span><br><span class="line">channel=11</span><br><span class="line">ieee80211n=1</span><br><span class="line">ieee80211ac=1</span><br><span class="line">wmm_enabled=1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># WPA2 only</span><br><span class="line">wpa=2</span><br><span class="line"># 1=wpa 2=wep 3=both</span><br><span class="line">auth_algs=3</span><br><span class="line"># 认证方式为WPA-PSK加密方式为CCMP</span><br><span class="line">wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK</span><br><span class="line">wpa_pairwise=CCMP</span><br><span class="line">rsn_pairwise=CCMP</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># Wifi名称</span><br><span class="line">ssid=wifi123</span><br><span class="line"># Wifi密码</span><br><span class="line">wpa_passphrase=feng4213</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>安装dnsmasq。并修改/etc/dnsmasq.conf。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 在dnsmasq.conf中添加</span><br><span class="line">interface=wlan0</span><br><span class="line">dhcp-range=192.168.202.10,192.168.202.150,255.255.255.0,24h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改/etc/rc.local文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 在exit 0之前添加</span><br><span class="line">sudo ifconfig wlan0 down</span><br><span class="line">sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.202.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up</span><br><span class="line"># 关闭无线网络的电源管理</span><br><span class="line">sudo iw dev wlan0 set power_save off</span><br><span class="line">sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE</span><br><span class="line">sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT</span><br><span class="line">sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT</span><br><span class="line">sudo service hostapd restart</span><br><span class="line">sudo service dnsmasq restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="利用ssh反向代理及autossh实现内网穿透"><a href="#利用ssh反向代理及autossh实现内网穿透" class="headerlink" title="利用ssh反向代理及autossh实现内网穿透"></a>利用ssh反向代理及autossh实现内网穿透</h3><ol>
<li>内网和外网机器安装autossh。</li>
<li><p>内网机器配置免密登录。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh-keygen</span><br><span class="line">ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@外网地址</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在内网机器上启动autossh。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># -f：是指autossh后台运行，不会阻塞shell继续向下执行；</span><br><span class="line"># -N：是指建立的ssh连接只用于转发数据，不解析命令； </span><br><span class="line"># -R：是指建立反向隧道，一般我们ssh某个服务器是正向隧道； </span><br><span class="line"># 8888：是公网服务器上的代理端口；</span><br><span class="line"># localhost:22：是指代理到本机时需要访问的ip和端口，即内网机器A的ip地址+端口；</span><br><span class="line"># -p 40022：是外网机器B的ssh端口；</span><br><span class="line">autossh -fNR 8888:localhost:22 -p 22 root@外网地址</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在外网上查看8888端口是否打开。</p>
</li>
<li>在外网主机上连接内网主机。<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh -p 8888 localhost -l pi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="设置autossh自动启动"><a href="#设置autossh自动启动" class="headerlink" title="设置autossh自动启动"></a>设置autossh自动启动</h3><ol>
<li><p>新建/etc/systemd/system/remote-autossh.service文件。并添加如下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line">Description=AutoSSH</span><br><span class="line">After=network-online.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line">User=pi</span><br><span class="line">ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh -fNR 8888:localhost:22 -p 22 root@118.31.167.239</span><br><span class="line">ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID</span><br><span class="line">ExecStop=/bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID</span><br><span class="line">KillMode=process</span><br><span class="line">Restart=no</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>使用systemctl daemon-reload命令刷新systemctl服务。</p>
</li>
<li>使用systemctl start remote-autossh立即启动服务，或者systemctl enable remote-autossh启动服务并设置为开机启动。</li>
</ol>

      
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